Discover how a dog’s nose works from the inside out in this expert article by Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM. Learn about the parts and functions of a dog’s nose, including the olfactory system, nasal airflow, and scent detection mechanisms. Originally written for Honest Paws, this piece showcases Dr. Gaffud’s veterinary writing expertise.

Melanomas in dogs include skin, oral, nail, or ocular tumors of pigment cells that may be benign or malignant. Dr. Athena Gaffud explains how they arise, typical signs (e.g. pigmented bumps, bleeding gums, nail lesions), how veterinarians use biopsy and imaging for diagnosis, and treatment strategies—from surgical removal to radiation, immunotherapy, or palliative care—tailored to location, malignancy risk, and metastasis.

Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in dogs is a life-threatening autoimmune disease that causes platelet destruction and spontaneous bleeding. Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM, explains the underlying causes, symptoms such as bruising, nosebleeds, and lethargy, and the essential diagnostic and treatment steps veterinarians use to manage ITP and support recovery.

Cheyletiellosis (walking dandruff) is a mite-caused skin condition in dogs characterized by flaking, itching, and contagious spread via contact and environments. Dr. Gaffud outlines how veterinarians diagnose using skin scrapings or tape tests, and covers treatment options including medicated shampoos, systemic therapies, and strict environmental control to prevent reinfestation.

Autoimmune diseases in dogs occur when the immune system attacks healthy tissues, causing chronic inflammation and illness. Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM, explains the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options to help pet owners understand this complex condition and the importance of veterinary care.

Discover what a chalazion (eyelid cyst) is in dogs, how it forms via blocked meibomian glands, and how vets diagnose it. Dr. Gaffud discusses signs such as eyelid swelling, tearing, and lump formation. She explains conservative treatments (warm compresses, ointments) and surgical removal when needed. Learn how proper care reduces recurrence.

Explore how to recognize and manage dog food allergies — from immune mechanisms to symptoms like itching, GI upset, and ear infections. Dr. Gaffud outlines diagnosis via elimination diets, the limits of antibody testing, and dietary and medical strategies for treatment. Useful for pet owners and content clients alike.

Learn how dairy allergy in dogs can cause skin, gastrointestinal, ear, and respiratory symptoms. Explore Dr. Gaffud’s overview of diagnosis via elimination diets, pitfalls of conventional testing, and treatment strategies including dietary removal and medications. A useful primer for dog owners and vet-content clients.

Learn about common probiotic side effects in dogs—digestive upset, allergies, thirst—and how to introduce them safely with vet oversight.

9 veterinarian-backed tips to strengthen your dog’s immune system: exercise, diet, probiotics, grooming & more. By Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM.

Learn how to recognize signs, causes, & calming strategies for overstimulated dogs. Insights by Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM.

Discover causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for beef allergy in dogs. Expert insights by Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM.

Discover how veterinary-backed content builds trust, educates pet owners, and strengthens credibility for clinics and veterinary brands.

Wondering where emotional support animals are allowed? Learn ESA access rights in housing, travel, and public spaces under current laws.

Learn how emotional support rabbits help with mental health. Discover top rabbit breeds, ESA benefits, and registration tips for housing rights.

Learn how vet-written blogs boost SEO and build pet owner trust. Essential for veterinary businesses and pet brands.

Learn how the Fair Housing Act protects emotional support animals. Understand ESA housing laws, tenant rights, and landlord obligations.

From dogs to miniature horses, discover the 8 best types of emotional support animals that offer comfort and companionship for mental health.

An essential guidance for selecting appropriate chew toys during a puppy's teething phase.  The guide highlights key features, such as material safety, size suitability, and ease of cleaning, that ensure the safety and comfort of teething puppies. 

Learn everything you need to know about emotional support dog training—from basic obedience to ESA behavior guidelines and housing laws.