Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Dogs Causes and Symptoms | by AADG, DVM

In this comprehensive guide written for Honest Paws, Dr. Athena Gaffud, DVM explains Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (ITP) — a serious autoimmune disorder where a dog’s immune system mistakenly destroys its own platelets, resulting in spontaneous bleeding, bruising, and anemia. The article breaks down the pathophysiology, causes, symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment strategies used by veterinarians to stabilize affected dogs and prevent relapse.

Key Takeaways

1. Definition

   • ITP is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of platelets (thrombocytes) by the body’s immune system.

   • Platelets are critical for normal blood clotting, and their loss can lead to spontaneous bleeding.

     
     

2. Causes and Triggers

   • ITP may be primary (idiopathic), with no identifiable cause, or secondary, triggered by infections (e.g., Ehrlichia, Anaplasma), drugs, vaccinations, or cancers.

   • Genetic and immune dysregulation factors can predispose certain dogs to ITP.

     
     

3. Clinical Symptoms

   • Common signs include petechiae (tiny red spots on the gums or skin), bruising, nosebleeds, blood in stool or urine, lethargy, pale gums, and weakness.

   • Severe cases can result in internal bleeding and collapse.

     
     

4. Diagnosis

   • Veterinarians rely on complete blood count (CBC) showing markedly low platelet counts, combined with rule-outs of infectious, neoplastic, or toxic causes.

   • Further diagnostics such as bone marrow analysis and serologic testing may be needed for confirmation.

     
     

5. Treatment

   • Immunosuppressive therapy is the cornerstone of management—often corticosteroids like prednisone, and sometimes adjunct drugs such as azathioprine or cyclosporine.

   • In severe cases, hospitalization, blood transfusions, or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy are warranted.

   • Long-term monitoring is essential, as relapses can occur.

     
     

6. Prognosis

   • With prompt treatment, many dogs recover well, but chronic or relapsing cases require lifelong care and periodic blood tests.

   • Early veterinary attention greatly improves survival rates and quality of life.

     
     

Through this article, Dr. Gaffud demonstrates her ability to translate complex immunohematologic concepts into clear, pet-owner–friendly content, showcasing her medical accuracy and writing expertise for veterinary brands.

Disclaimer

This article was originally written for a client (Honest Paws) and is republished here for portfolio and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional veterinary consultation. Always seek advice from a licensed veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment of your pet’s health condition.

Keywords:

immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs, ITP in dogs, autoimmune disease in dogs, low platelet count dog, canine ITP treatment, dog bleeding disorder, Dr. Athena Gaffud, veterinary autoimmune disease, Honest Paws, canine hematology