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Writer's pictureDr. Gaffud

Cat Breeds: The Fascinating World of Feline Companions


Three cats of different sizes, color, and breed with a pasture background

Throughout history, cats have captivated humans with their grace, independence, and enigmatic behavior. Revered in ancient cultures and cherished as companions today, cats embody a fascinating mix of mystery and affection. 


This piece delves into the multifaceted world of cats, covering their historical significance, different classifications, suitability as pets, and the best breeds for varying needs as we discuss the following:


What is a Cat?

A tricolor kitten holding on a pillow

A cat, scientifically known as Felis catus, is a small, domesticated carnivore belonging to the family Felidae. 


Known for their agility, sharp senses, and independent nature, domestic cats are descendants of wild felines that were tamed over thousands of years. 


Cats are highly adaptable animals, capable of thriving in a variety of environments while maintaining their instinctive behaviors.


“Cats are carnivores who have cohabited with humans but retain their independence and maintain strong ties to their feral background,” according to the 2011 study by Zoran, D., & Buffington, C. 

What is the Description of a Cat?


Cats are known for their lithe bodies, sharp retractable claws, and acute senses of hearing and sight. Their distinctive, supple spine grants them grace and agility. 


Cats display a wide range of colors and patterns, such as solid, tabby, calico, and more. Their relatively large eyes allow for a broad field of vision and a captivating gaze.


What are Cats' Characteristics?


Cats are known for their independent and solitary nature, though they form strong bonds with their human companions. 


They possess a keen sense of curiosity and intelligence, making them excellent problem solvers. Cats are also highly agile and have an instinctive hunting drive, which is evident in their play behavior. 


“Cats are active, clever, curious, sociable, emotional, friendly, and protective, with older animals being less social and curious than younger ones,” according to the 2007 study by Lee, C., Ryan, J., & Kreiner, D. 

Their grooming habits and purring are additional characteristics that contribute to their appeal as pets.


What are the Classifications of Cats?

A clowder of kittens of different colors sitting on a grass

There are different categories of cats based on their physical features, behaviors, and lineage. 


The primary classifications include domestic cats, popular as pets, and wild cats, such as lions and tigers. 


Domestic cats are divided into numerous breeds, each with distinct characteristics. This classification system aids in comprehending the wide array of cats and their individual requirements.


“Domestic cats display an impressive capacity for cohabiting successfully with both humans and other cats, influenced by factors like early life experiences, genetic selection, and individual cat and human characteristics,” according to the 2022 study by Finka, L. 

Terminologies


Cats are described using several key terms. 

  • Pedigree: cats that are bred with specific lineage and traits, often recognized by cat registries.

  • Purebred: cats that come from a long lineage of the same breed, maintaining consistent physical and behavioral traits. 

  • Hybrid: cats are a mix of domestic and wild feline species, resulting in unique characteristics and appearances.


History of Domestication


Approximately 9,000 years ago, ancient civilizations in the Near East initiated the domestication of cats. They recognized the effectiveness of wild cats in managing rodent populations and began to integrate them into their agricultural lifestyles. 


“Cat domestication originated in the Near East, likely with agricultural village development in the Fertile Crescent, and domestic cats are derived from at least five founders from this region,” according to the 2007 study by Driscoll, C., Menotti-Raymond, M., Roca, A., Hupe, K., Johnson, W., Geffen, E., Harley, E., Delibes, M., Pontier, D., Kitchener, A., Yamaguchi, N., O'Brien, S., & Macdonald, D.

As humans settled into farming communities, the role of cats in safeguarding food stores from pests became increasingly valuable. This symbiotic relationship led to the domestication of cats and their widespread integration into human societies (Marshall, 2020).


What are Some Scientific Facts About Cats?

An adult cat with an eyeglasses

Cats are the subject of fascinating scientific studies that have uncovered some intriguing facts about them. 

  • Cats perform remarkable agile movements and always land on their feet when they fall due to their highly flexible backbone and lack of a functional clavicle (collarbone).

  • The cat’s unique ability to purr is believed to have a calming effect on both themselves and their human companions. 

  • Cats have extraordinary hearing abilities and detect a wider range of frequencies compared to both humans and dogs.


What is the Behavior of a Pet Cat?

A pet cat sitting on the owner's lap

Pet cats exhibit a range of behaviors that are both endearing and perplexing. They often engage in playful activities, such as pouncing and chasing, which mimic hunting behaviors.


Cats are also known for their grooming rituals and spend significant time cleaning themselves. 


Socially, they are affectionate, seeking out human interaction through purring, head-butting, and curling up on laps. 


“Cats are perceived as being bold and friendly, with gray cats being the most shy, aloof, and intolerant, while orange cats are considered trainable, friendly, and calm,” according to the 2022 study by González-Ramírez, M., & Landero-Hernández, R.

Understanding these behaviors helps in fostering a positive relationship between cats and their owners.


Are Cats Good House Pets?


Yes, cats are great house pets for several reasons. 

  • They require less attention and space compared to other pets, making them relatively low-maintenance. 

  • Cats are known for their cleanliness, grooming themselves, and using litter boxes. 

  • Their independent nature makes them well-suited for individuals with busy lifestyles, as they are capable of entertaining themselves and are generally content with alone time. 


How are Cat Breeds Organized?

A clowder of cats sitting on a sofa

Cat breeds are categorized according to different factors, such as physical traits, genetic background, and historical origin. These breeds are typically classified by registries like the International Cat Association (TICA) or the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA). 


Each breed is known for its unique characteristics, encompassing fur length, color patterns, body structure, and temperament.


“Cats' characteristics include breed, eye color, coat color, and coat pattern, with nearly all associations between behavior and coat type being breed-based behavior differences,” according to the 2016 study by Wilhelmy, J., Serpell, J., Brown, D., & Siracusa, C.

What are the Top 5 Most Popular Cat Breeds for a Pet?


A collection of popular pet cat breeds including Siamese, Maine Coon, Persian, Ragdoll, and British Shorthair

Siamese


A Siamese cat breed sitting on a table
  • Unique Features/Characteristics: Sleek body, almond-shaped blue eyes, large ears, and a distinct color-point pattern.

  • Origin: Thailand (formerly Siam).

  • Average Size: Medium; 8-15 pounds.

  • Accepted Colors: Seal, chocolate, blue, and lilac points.

  • Behavior: Vocal, social, affectionate, and intelligent.

  • Preferred Climate: Warm climates; they prefer to be indoors.

  • Common Health Problems: Respiratory issues, dental problems, and cross-eye vision.


Maine Coon


A Main Coon cat breed sitting on the floor
  • Unique Features/Characteristics: Large size, tufted ears, bushy tail, and a thick, water-resistant coat.

  • Origin: United States (Maine).

  • Average Size: Large; 10-25 pounds.

  • Accepted Colors: Nearly all colors and patterns, except pointed patterns.

  • Behavior: Gentle, friendly, social, and good with children and pets.

  • Preferred Climate: Cooler climates; their thick coat provides insulation.

  • Common Health Problems: Hip dysplasia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and spinal muscular atrophy.


Persian

A Persian cat breed sitting on a foam
  • Unique Features/Characteristics: Flat face, large round eyes, and long, luxurious coat.

  • Origin: Iran (formerly Persia).

  • Average Size: Medium to large; 7-12 pounds.

  • Accepted Colors: Wide range, including solid, tabby, bicolor, and more.

  • Behavior: Calm, affectionate, prefers a quiet environment.

  • Preferred Climate: Cooler climates due to their thick coat.

  • Common Health Problems: Brachycephalic airway syndrome, dental issues, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD).


Ragdoll

A Ragdoll cat breed sitting on a basket
  • Unique Features/Characteristics: Large size, blue eyes, semi-long coat, and a tendency to go limp when held.

  • Origin: United States (California).

  • Average Size: Large; 10-20 pounds.

  • Accepted Colors: Colorpoint, mitted, and bicolor patterns in seal, blue, chocolate, and lilac.

  • Behavior: Docile, affectionate, good with children and pets.

  • Preferred Climate: Moderate climate; they prefer indoor living.

  • Common Health Problems: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and bladder stones.


British Shorthair

A British Shorthair cat breed lying on a bed
  • Unique Features/Characteristics: Round face, dense coat, and large, round eyes.

  • Origin: United Kingdom.

  • Average Size: Medium to large; 9-18 pounds.

  • Accepted Colors: Wide range including blue, black, white, red, and more.

  • Behavior: Calm, independent, and good-natured.

  • Preferred Climate: Adaptable to various climates; prefers indoor living.

  • Common Health Problems: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and obesity due to a slower metabolism.


List of Cat Breeds

A cat showing half of its face and the other half is behind a door

The 81 cat breeds according to Cats.com are listed below. 


Table 1. List of Cat breeds

  1. Abyssinian

  2. Aegean

  3. American Bobtail

  4. American Curl

  5. American Longhair

  6. American Polydactyl

  7. American Shorthair

  8. American Wirehair

  9. Asian Semi-longhair

  10. Australian Mist

  11. Balinese

  12. Bengal

  13. Birman

  14. Bombay

  15. Brazilian Shorthair

  16. British Longhair

  17. British Shorthair

  18. Burmese

  19. Burmilla

  20. California Spangled Cat

  21. Chantilly / Tiffany

  22. Chartreux

  23. Chausie

  24. Cheetoh

  25. Colorpoint Shorthair

  26. Cornish Rex

  27. Cymric

  28. Devon Rex

  29. Domestic Shorthair

  30. Donskoy

  31. Dragon Li

  32. Egyptian Mau

  33. European Shorthair

  34. Exotic Shorthair

  35. German Rex

  36. Havana Brown

  37. Himalayan

  38. Japanese Bobtail

  39. Javanese

  40. Korat

  1. Kurilian Bobtail

  2. LaPerm

  3. Maine Coon

  4. Manx

  5. Minuet (Napoleon)

  6. Munchkin

  7. Nebelung

  8. Norwegian Forest

  9. Ocicat

  10. Ojos Azules

  11. Oregon Rex

  12. Oriental Bicolor

  13. Oriental Longhair

  14. Oriental Shorthair

  15. Persian

  16. Peterbald

  17. Pixie-Bob

  18. Ragamuffin

  19. Ragdoll

  20. Russian Blue

  21. Russian White, Black, and Tabby

  22. Savannah

  23. Scottish Fold

  24. Selkirk Rex

  25. Serengeti

  26. Siamese

  27. Siberian

  28. Singapura

  29. Snowshoe

  30. Sokoke

  31. Somali

  32. Sphynx

  33. Thai Cat (Old-Style Siamese)

  34. Tonkinese

  35. Toyger

  36. Turkish Angora

  37. Turkish Van

  38. Turkish Vankedisi

  39. Ukrainian Levkoy

  40. Ussuri

  41. York Chocolate


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