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Writer's pictureDr. Gaffud

Arthritis in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Holistic Management


A German Shepherd running outdoors

Arthritis affects numerous dogs as they age, making it a common condition.


Understanding arthritis in dogs, including its causes, symptoms, and holistic management options, helps pet owners provide the best care for their furry companions. 


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What is Arthritis in Dogs?

Two German Shepherd dogs lying on a grassland

Dog arthritis, also referred to as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a developing condition distinguished by joint inflammation. 


This inflammation results in the breakdown of cartilage, the smooth tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones in the joints. Over time, as cartilage deteriorates, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain, swelling, and decreased mobility.


What Causes Arthritis in Dogs?

An old German Shepherd dog  watching sunset


The factors that contribute to the development of arthritis in dogs are listed below.

  • Age: As dogs age, their joints' natural wear and tear leads to arthritis.

  • Breed: Larger breeds such as German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, and Golden Retrievers are more prone to arthritis due to their size and weight.

  • Injury: Past injuries or trauma to the joints increase the risk of developing arthritis.

  • Obesity: Excess weight puts additional strain on the joints, accelerating the wear and tear of cartilage.

  • Genetics: Some dogs are genetically predisposed to develop arthritis.


At What Age Do Dogs Start Showing Signs of Arthritis?


Arthritis develops at any age, but it is more common in middle-aged and senior dogs. Most dogs begin to show signs of arthritis around the age of 7 years or older, although some breeds show symptoms earlier due to genetic predispositions or past injuries.


“The mean age at admission for dogs with polyarthritis was 5.6 +/- 4 years,” according to the 2002 study by Jacques, D., Cauzinille, L., Bouvy, B., & Dupré, G., titled “A retrospective study of 40 dogs with polyarthritis.”

Can Puppies Develop Arthritis?


While it is rare, puppies develop arthritis, especially if they have joint deformities, inherited conditions, or have sustained injuries. Conditions such as hip dysplasia or elbow dysplasia predispose young dogs to arthritis.


“A puppy can develop septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a common colonizer of dogs,” according to the 2021 study by Bowen, S., Demarco, A., Villasis, L., Barsi, J., & Handel, A., titled “One Affectionate Puppy: A Case of Septic Arthritis Due to Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius.”

What Are the Common Symptoms of Arthritis in Dogs?

An old Labrador Retriever dog lying on a grassland

The common symptoms of arthritis in dogs are listed below.

  • Limping or lameness, particularly after rest

  • Stiffness, especially after exercise or sleeping

  • Difficulty getting up, climbing stairs, or jumping

  • Decreased interest in physical activities

  • Changes in behavior, such as irritability or withdrawal

  • Swelling or tenderness in the joints


How Does Arthritis Affect the Musculoskeletal System in Dogs?


Arthritis significantly impacts the musculoskeletal system in dogs, which includes bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments.


The loss of cartilage in the joints causes the bones to rub together, leading to pain and stiffness.


This pain often results in reduced activity levels, muscle atrophy, and further weakening of the joints, creating a vicious cycle of pain and decreased mobility.


Does Arthritis in Dogs Cause Pain?


Yes, arthritis in dogs is typically associated with significant pain due to the inflammation and deterioration of joint cartilage. This pain leads to changes in behavior, such as reluctance to move, decreased activity levels, and irritability.


How Does Arthritis Affect a Dog's Mobility?


Arthritis significantly affects a dog’s mobility by causing pain and stiffness in the joints, making it difficult for them to move comfortably. This reduced mobility leads to muscle loss and decreased overall fitness, further compounding mobility issues.


“Osteoarthritis in dogs is a slowly progressive inflammatory disease characterized by degeneration of cartilage, bone hypertrophy, and changes in the synovial membrane, resulting in pain and stiffness of joints,” according to the 2015 study by Bland, S., titled “Canine Osteoarthritis and Treatments: A Review.” 

When Should Pet Owners Seek Veterinary Care for a Dog with Arthritis Symptoms?


If pet owners notice any signs of arthritis in their dog, such as limping, stiffness, or reluctance to move, they should seek veterinary care immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment help manage the condition effectively and improve the dog’s quality of life.


In conclusion, arthritis in dogs is a common but manageable condition. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, including holistic approaches, pet owners help their dogs live comfortable and active lives despite their arthritis.


What Are the Treatments for Arthritis in Dogs?

An old Labrador Retriever dog being given an injectable medication for arthritis

There are several treatment options for arthritis in dogs are listed below.

  • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to reduce pain and inflammation. Medications such as corticosteroids or joint supplements, are also prescribed.

  • Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises and therapies, such as hydrotherapy, help maintain joint mobility and muscle strength.

  • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial to reduce stress on the joints.

  • Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary to repair or replace damaged joints.

  • Holistic Treatments: Acupuncture, massage, and laser therapy are alternative treatments that provide pain relief and improve mobility.


“Treatments for osteoarthritis in dogs include hydration, inflammation control, and new therapies under study,” according to the 2015 study by Bland, S., titled “Canine Osteoarthritis and Treatments: A Review.” 

Does Arthritis in Dogs Resolve Without Surgery?

Yes, in many cases, arthritis in dogs is managed without surgery through a combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. 

However, surgery is necessary if the condition is severe or if conservative treatments fail to provide relief.


“CBD significantly decreased pain and increased mobility in a dose-dependent manner in dogs with osteoarthritis,” according to the 2020 study by Verrico, C., Wesson, S., Konduri, V., Hofferek, C., Vazquez-Perez, J., Blair, E., Dunner, K., Salimpour, P., Decker, W., & Halpert, M., titled “A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain.”

Holistic Care for Arthritic Dogs

An old dog and an owner sharing an intimate gesture head to head

Holistic care for arthritic dogs focuses on a comprehensive approach to managing pain and improving quality of life. 

  • Diet and Supplements: A balanced diet and supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, glucosamine, and chondroitin support joint health.

  • Exercise: Regular, low-impact exercise helps maintain mobility and muscle strength.

  • Alternative Therapies: Acupuncture, massage, and herbal remedies provide pain relief and improve overall well-being.

  • Environmental Modifications: Providing orthopedic beds, ramps, and non-slip flooring helps dogs navigate their environment more comfortably.


“Nutraceuticals are a viable alternative for prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs, offering antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and chondroprotective effects,” according to the 2021 study by Gupta, R., titled “Nutraceuticals in arthritis.” 

FAQ’s:

An old Golden Retrieve dog stretch on a grassland

How is Arthritis in Dogs Compared to Degenerative Myelopathy?

While arthritis primarily affects the joints, degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a neurological disorder that impacts the spinal cord. DM leads to a progressive loss of coordination and mobility, typically beginning in the hind legs.


Unlike arthritis, which is caused by joint inflammation, DM is a result of the degeneration of nerve fibers. Both conditions severely impact a dog’s mobility, but arthritis is associated with joint pain, whereas DM is a painless condition that affects the nervous system.


How to Tell if a Dog Has Arthritis?

Recognizing the signs of arthritis in dogs is challenging, especially in the early stages. If a dog shows any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s essential to consult a veterinarian for a thorough examination and diagnosis. The veterinarian performs physical exams, X-rays, or other diagnostic tests to determine if arthritis is present.


Does Arthritis Lead to More Severe Health Issues in Dogs?

Yes, if left untreated, arthritis leads to more severe health issues in dogs, including chronic pain, severe mobility limitations, and decreased quality of life. Additionally, arthritis causes compensatory issues, such as strain on other joints and muscles, potentially leading to further injury.


Does Arthritis in Dogs Lead to Spinal Problems?

While arthritis primarily affects the joints, it leads to spinal problems if the joints of the spine (vertebrae) are affected. This condition, known as spondylosis, involves the formation of bone spurs along the spine, which cause pain and limit mobility.


How Long Does a Dog Live with Arthritis?

Dogs live many years with arthritis, especially if the condition is managed effectively. With proper treatment and care, many dogs with arthritis continue to live happy and fulfilling lives. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to maintaining a good quality of life.


What Are the Risks of Having Dog Arthritis?

The risks associated with dog arthritis include chronic pain, decreased mobility, reduced quality of life, and potential secondary health issues. Arthritis also leads to obesity due to reduced activity levels, which further exacerbates joint problems.


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