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Writer's pictureDr. Gaffud

Common Neurological Disorders in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Holistic Care


A sick dog lying on the bed

Dogs, much like humans, suffer from a range of neurological disorders that impact their quality of life. These disorders affect the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles, leading to a variety of symptoms that are challenging for pet owners to manage. 


Understanding these conditions is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate care. 


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What are Neurological Disorders in Dogs?

A black dog lying on the bed

Neurological disorders in dogs refer to conditions that affect the dog's nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. 


These disorders manifest in various forms, such as seizures, paralysis, tremors, and changes in behavior or cognition. 


The severity of these conditions varies from mild to life-threatening, depending on the underlying cause and the specific part of the nervous system that is affected.


What Causes Neurological Disorders in Dogs?

A brown dog sleeping on the floor

Neurological disorders in dogs arise from various causes, which include genetic predispositions, infections, trauma, toxins, tumors, or degenerative diseases. 


For instance, certain breeds are more prone to specific neurological issues due to inherited conditions. Infections such as distemper or meningitis lead to inflammation of the brain or spinal cord, resulting in neurological symptoms. 


Trauma, like a car accident, causes severe spinal problems in dogs, while exposure to toxins or the growth of tumors also impacts the nervous system adversely.


What dog breeds are more prone to neurological disorders?


Yes, certain breeds are more predisposed to specific neurological issues. For example, German Shepherds are more likely to develop degenerative myelopathy, while small breeds like Dachshunds are prone to intervertebral disc disease.


What Are the Common Symptoms of Neurological Disorders in Dogs?

A dog on the table being clinically examined by veterinary clinicians

Symptoms of neurological disorders in dogs vary widely depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some common neurological symptoms in dogs are listed below.


  • Seizures: Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain leading to convulsions.

  • Paralysis or Weakness: Inability to move or weakness in the limbs, often due to spinal problems.

  • Blindness: Loss of vision not related to eye conditions but due to neurological issues.

  • Tremors: Involuntary shaking or trembling, which is localized or generalized.

  • Behavioral Changes: Unexplained aggression, confusion, or disorientation, often seen in cognitive disorders.

  • Balance Problems: Difficulty standing, walking, or maintaining balance, which indicates vestibular disease.


Some Common Neurological Disorders in Dogs

A dog with wheelchair enjoying outdoors

  1. Seizures: Often caused by epilepsy, seizures are one of the most recognizable neurological disorders in dogs. They result from idiopathic conditions (unknown causes), infections, or trauma.

  2. Degenerative Disc Disease: This condition involves the deterioration of the discs between the vertebrae in the spine, leading to pain, weakness, and sometimes paralysis. It is a common cause of spinal problems in dogs.

  3. Polyneuropathy: This disorder affects multiple nerves in the body, causing weakness and loss of muscle mass. It is inherited or acquired through exposure to toxins or metabolic conditions.

  4. Vestibular Disease: Affects the inner ear and brainstem, leading to loss of balance, head tilting, and difficulty walking. It is commonly seen in older dogs and sometimes resolves on its own.

  5. Cerebellum Disorders: These disorders affect the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance. Symptoms include tremors, unsteady gait, and difficulty coordinating movements.

  6. Spinal Disease (Degenerative Myelopathy): A progressive disease that affects the spinal cord, leading to weakness and eventual paralysis of the hind limbs. It is often seen in older dogs and certain breeds like German Shepherds.

  7. Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions. It leads to seizures, behavioral changes, and other neurological symptoms.

  8. Blindness: Neurological disorders affecting the optic nerves or brain lead to blindness. Conditions like brain tumors or encephalitis cause sudden loss of vision.

  9. Tremor: Involuntary shaking due to various neurological conditions, including cerebellar disorders or toxic exposure.

  10. Parkinson's Disease: Although rare in dogs, some develop symptoms similar to Parkinson's, including tremors and difficulty moving.

  11. Cognitive or Behavioral Changes: Often associated with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), these changes mimic human dementia, affecting memory, learning, and behavior.

  12. Cancer: Tumors in the brain or spinal cord cause a range of neurological symptoms depending on their location and size.


How Are Neurological Disorders in Dogs Diagnosed?

A dog being examined in a veterinary clinic


Diagnosing neurological disorders in dogs typically involves a comprehensive approach, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, and neurological assessment. 


Veterinarians employ imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans to visualize the brain and spinal cord, along with blood tests and spinal fluid analysis to detect infections or inflammatory conditions.


What are the advancements in managing canine neurological disorders?


Advancements in veterinary neurology include improved imaging techniques for better diagnosis, new medications for managing symptoms, and innovative surgical techniques for treating tumors and spinal conditions.


What are the Treatments for Neurological Disorders in Dogs?

A dog on the arms of a veterinary clinician

Treatment for neurological disorders in dogs depends on the underlying cause. It includes medications to control seizures or inflammation, surgery to remove tumors, and supportive care such as physical therapy. In some cases, managing symptoms through medication and lifestyle changes is the best approach.


What is the prognosis for dogs with neurological disorders?


The prognosis for dogs with neurological disorders varies widely depending on the type of disorder, its severity, and how quickly treatment is initiated. Some conditions, like epilepsy, are often managed successfully with medication, while others, such as degenerative myelopathy, have a more guarded prognosis.


Holistic Care for Neurological Disorders in Dogs

A dog peacefully sleeping on a bed

Holistic care for neurological disorders in dogs aims to treat the whole animal, considering lifestyle, diet, and natural therapies to improve their well-being. This approach often complements conventional veterinary treatments.


  • Anti-inflammatory diets: High-quality diets with anti-inflammatory properties help reduce neurological symptoms. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) reduce inflammation in the brain and nerves.

  • Supplements: Certain supplements like antioxidants (vitamins E and C), B-complex vitamins, and magnesium support nerve health.

  • Probiotics: A healthy gut microbiome is believed to play a role in brain health. Probiotics improve gut health and, in turn, neurological function.

  • CBD Oil: Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained popularity for its potential to reduce seizures, pain, and inflammation in dogs with neurological disorders.

  • Turmeric (Curcumin): Known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, turmeric is sometimes used to support neurological health.

  • Bacopa Monnieri: This herb is often used in traditional medicine for cognitive support and neurological conditions.

  • Milk Thistle: Helps support liver function, and indirectly benefits dogs on medications that strain the liver.

  • Acupuncture: Acupuncture is used to manage pain, improve circulation, and stimulate the nervous system. It’s often recommended for conditions like intervertebral disc disease and seizures.

  • Chiropractic Care: Veterinary chiropractic adjustments realign the spine and improve nerve function. This is particularly helpful for dogs with disc-related issues or nerve impingements.

  • Massage Therapy: Canine massage helps improve blood flow, relax muscles, and reduce nerve pain. Neurological conditions often cause muscular tension, alleviated with gentle massage.

  • Physical Rehabilitation and Hydrotherapy: Dogs with mobility issues due to neurological disorders benefit from physical therapy, which helps maintain muscle mass and coordination. Hydrotherapy, or water therapy, provides low-impact exercise, improving movement without stressing the joints or spine.

  • Environmental Enrichment and Cognitive Stimulation: Providing mental stimulation through puzzles, scent games, and training exercises helps keep a dog’s mind sharp and supports brain function, especially in conditions like canine cognitive dysfunction (dementia).

  • Homeopathy: Some veterinarians incorporate homeopathic remedies like Belladonna or Aconitum for acute neurological conditions. These remedies are tailored to each dog's symptoms, but their effectiveness varies and is used only under the guidance of a certified holistic veterinarian.

  • Osteopathy: Osteopathic treatment improves mobility and flexibility, addressing structural issues related to nerve function. It focuses on manipulating muscles, joints, and bones to improve overall health and alleviate neurological discomfort.

  • Behavioral Modifications and Stress Management: Managing stress through positive reinforcement, calming techniques, and a stable environment is crucial, as stress exacerbates neurological symptoms in dogs.

  • Combining Conventional and Holistic Approaches: Holistic care is often used alongside conventional veterinary treatments like anticonvulsants (e.g., phenobarbital for epilepsy) or surgery for spinal issues. The holistic approach helps minimize side effects and improve the dog's quality of life.


It’s important to consult a veterinarian before starting any holistic treatment plan, especially if a dog is already on medication or has severe neurological symptoms.


Frequently Asked Questions

An old dog with tired eyes lying on a floor

How do owners support dogs with neurological disorders?


Owners support their dogs by maintaining a calm environment, providing proper nutrition, and ensuring they follow the veterinarian’s recommendations for medications and therapies. Regular check-ups are essential to monitor the dog’s condition and adjust treatments as necessary.


Is Paralysis in Dogs Caused by Neurological Disorder?


Yes, paralysis in dogs is often due to neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injuries, degenerative disc disease, or nerve damage.



How does CCD as a neurological disorder manifest in dogs?


Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) manifests as a neurological disorder in dogs through symptoms like disorientation, changes in interaction with family members, sleep disturbances, and loss of housetraining.


Do canines recover from neurological issues?


Recovery from neurological issues depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some dogs recover fully with appropriate treatment, while others require ongoing management or have permanent deficits.


Understanding neurological disorders in dogs is crucial for pet owners to provide the best care possible. With the right diagnosis, treatment, and support, many dogs lead happy, comfortable lives despite their conditions.

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